indicate

Their study indicated that the different impact on students' writing is mostly due to the inherent affordances of chats and text-based communication.

those findings contradict the findings of Lin's (2014) meta-analysis study, which indicated no significant moderating effect of modality

After participating in a microblogging activity, Zheng and Warschauer (2015) indicated that ELL students experienced higher writing gains compared to their non-ELL peers.

consist

Thinking is shaped by the process of social interaction, which consists of complex dialogues.

context, contextual

researchers could further explore how contextual factors (e.g., genres of writing, collaborative characteristics) affect the adoption and selection of modes and languages

Researchers could further explore how contextual factors affect the adoption and selection of modes and languages.

the contextual factors influencing students' collaborative writing

Elola and Oskoz also suggested several future research directions in the context of new digital genres in writing.

Vandommele et al.'s study compared multimodal composition between in-school and out-of-school settings, looking at writing outcomes in the two contexts.

Involve

These out-of-school literacy practices, covering topics of interest to students and mediated by multiple modalities, all involve certain forms of reading and writing.

These out-of-school literacy practices all involve certain forms of reading and writing.

Backstage Pass

Suddenly, two people start fighting near the front row. The security guard runs to stop them.
"Come on!" Julie says.
Before you can speak, she jumps up and runs to the backstage door. However, there is another security guard. He grabs Julie's arm.
The guard is busy with Julie, you think. Maybe this is my chance!

Backstage Pass is book number 4 in the Atama-ii Books series. As I have mentioned before, Atama-ii Books is a series of books edited by Marcos Benevides intended for learners of English. These graded readers have simple vocabulary and grammar, and a total length of about 2,500 words, but the content is suitable for adults. A distinctive feature of the series is that, at various key points in the stories, the reader, who is also the protagonist, is presented with two choices regarding how to proceed. These choices add up to eight possible story paths, some ending in failure or even death.

This was my second time to read Backstage Pass. The previous time, I had only boring or unfortunate endings, but today I had two very good endings: One involved me appearing on stage with my favorite band, the Martians, and the other ended in my saving thousands of people from a fire!

The multiple story paths are, in my opinion, best experienced in multiple reading sessions. Each time you revisit a book, you can choose different story paths. This will lead to multiple rereadings of parts of the book, resulting in more fluent and confident reading.

VOCABULARY
riff: リフ、反復楽句

Ito, L. (2014). Backstage pass. Florida: Atama-ii Books.

Hunter in the Darkness

"One of you must give your life...Who will give their life, so others may live?"

Today I read Hunter in the Darkness, book number 5 in the Atama-ii Books series. In the book, I am the disciple of a famous vampire hunter who is bitten by a vampire, so I have to become a professional vampire hunter. I set out to find Aku, a famous and fierce vampire.

When I find out where Aku is, I ask for a volunteer to sacrifice him or herself so that we can follow the vampire to the cave. I take two helpers with me. In the cave I face the ultimate test: can I kill my former master?

This was my second or third time to read the book, and finally I found a good ending!

Habeeb, R. (2014). Hunter in the darkness. Florida: Atama-ii Books.

A bit about me

Hi, everyone. Welcome to the Academic Writing course. Nice to meet you. I'm Rick Lavin, and I live in Saburo in Kumamoto City. I am married with two daughters. My elder daughter is a first-year university student. She lives in Osaka, but she is coming back to Kumamoto today. I work in the Department of English Language & Literature at PUK. In my free time I like watching movies. Most recently, I have seen Wonder Woman. I also like playing the koto but recently I don't have time to play it.
Anyway, I hope we can have some fun over the next four days learning English together.